Python Programming (1323203) - Winter 2024 Solution

age = 25
count = -10

name = "Python"
message = 'Hello World'

numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4]
mixed = [1, "Python", True, 3.14]

# Print odd numbers between 1 to 20
num = 1
while num <= 20:
    print(num)
    num += 2

for num in range(1, 10):
    if num == 5:
        print("Found 5!")
        break
    print(num)

for num in range(1, 10):
    if num % 2 == 0:
        continue
    print(num)  # Prints only odd numbers

# Program to calculate total and average marks
# Input marks for four subjects
subject1 = float(input("Enter marks for subject 1: "))
subject2 = float(input("Enter marks for subject 2: "))
subject3 = float(input("Enter marks for subject 3: "))
subject4 = float(input("Enter marks for subject 4: "))

# Calculate total and average
total_marks = subject1 + subject2 + subject3 + subject4
average_marks = total_marks / 4

# Display results
print(f"Total marks: {total_marks}")
print(f"Average marks: {average_marks}")

for variable in sequence:
    # code block to be executed

# Print squares of numbers from 1 to 5
for num in range(1, 6):
    square = num ** 2
    print(f"{num} squared = {square}")

# Program to find square and cube of a number
# Input number from user
num = float(input("Enter a number: "))

# Calculate square and cube
square = num ** 2
cube = num ** 3

# Display results
print(f"The number entered is: {num}")
print(f"Square of {num} is: {square}")
print(f"Cube of {num} is: {cube}")

# Grade assignment based on marks
marks = 75

if marks >= 90:
    grade = "A"
elif marks >= 80:
    grade = "B"
elif marks >= 70:
    grade = "C"
elif marks >= 60:
    grade = "D"
else:
    grade = "F"

print(f"Your grade is: {grade}")

# Define a function to calculate area of rectangle
def calculate_area(length, width):
    """Calculate area of a rectangle with given length and width"""
    area = length * width
    return area

# Call the function
result = calculate_area(5, 3)
print(f"Area of rectangle: {result}")

# Program to find factorial of a number
# Input number from user
num = int(input("Enter a positive integer: "))

# Initialize factorial
factorial = 1

# Check if number is negative, zero or positive
if num < 0:
    print("Factorial doesn't exist for negative numbers")
elif num == 0:
    print("Factorial of 0 is 1")
else:
    # Calculate factorial
    for i in range(1, num + 1):
        factorial *= i
    print(f"Factorial of {num} is {factorial}")

# Print multiplication table from 1 to 3
for i in range(1, 4):  # Outer loop: 1 to 3
    print(f"Multiplication table for {i}:")
    for j in range(1, 6):  # Inner loop: 1 to 5
        print(f"{i} x {j} = {i*j}")
    print()  # Empty line after each table

def calculate_circle(radius):
    """Calculate area and circumference of a circle"""
    if radius < 0:
        return None  # Early exit for invalid input
    
    area = 3.14 * radius ** 2
    circumference = 2 * 3.14 * radius
    
    return area, circumference  # Return multiple values
    
# Function call
result = calculate_circle(5)
print(f"Area and circumference: {result}")

# Program to print character pattern
# First pattern: A to E in triangle form

# Loop through rows (1 to 5)
for i in range(1, 6):
    # For each row, print characters from 'A' to required letter
    for j in range(i):
        # ASCII value of 'A' is 65, add j to get successive letters
        print(chr(65 + j), end="")
    # Move to next line after each row
    print()

# max() function example
numbers = [10, 5, 20, 15]
maximum = max(numbers)
print(f"Maximum value: {maximum}")  # Output: Maximum value: 20

# input() function example
name = input("Enter your name: ")
print(f"Hello, {name}!")

# pow() function example
result = pow(2, 4)
print(f"2 raised to power 4 is: {result}")  # Output: 2 raised to power 4 is: 16

text = "Python Programming"

# Basic slicing
print(text[0:6])     # Output: "Python"
print(text[7:])      # Output: "Programming"
print(text[:6])      # Output: "Python"

# With step
print(text[::2])     # Output: "Pto rgamn"
print(text[0:10:2])  # Output: "Pto r"

# Negative indices (count from end)
print(text[-11:])    # Output: "Programming"
print(text[:-12])    # Output: "Python"

# Reverse a string
print(text[::-1])    # Output: "gnimmargorP nohtyP"

# Function to print cube of odd numbers in a range
def print_odd_cubes(start, end):
    """
    Print cube of all odd numbers between start and end (inclusive)
    """
    print(f"Cubes of odd numbers between {start} and {end}:")
    
    # Loop through the range
    for num in range(start, end + 1):
        # Check if number is odd
        if num % 2 != 0:
            # Calculate and print cube
            cube = num ** 3
            print(f"Cube of {num} is {cube}")

# Call the function to print odd cubes from 1 to 7
print_odd_cubes(1, 7)

import random

# Generate random float between 0 and 1
print(random.random())  

# Generate random integer between 1 and 10
print(random.randint(1, 10))  

# Select random element from list
colors = ["red", "green", "blue", "yellow"]
print(random.choice(colors))  

# Shuffle a list in-place
random.shuffle(colors)
print(colors)  

# Select 2 unique random elements
print(random.sample(colors, 2))  

# len() function
numbers = [5, 10, 15, 20, 25]
print(f"Length of list: {len(numbers)}")  # Output: 5

# sum() function
print(f"Sum of all items: {sum(numbers)}")  # Output: 75

# sort() function
mixed = [3, 1, 4, 2]
mixed.sort()  # Sorts in-place
print(f"Sorted list: {mixed}")  # Output: [1, 2, 3, 4]
mixed.sort(reverse=True)
print(f"Reverse sorted: {mixed}")  # Output: [4, 3, 2, 1]

# index() function
fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple"]
print(f"Index of 'banana': {fruits.index('banana')}")  # Output: 1

# Function to print Fibonacci series up to N
def print_fibonacci(n):
    """
    Print Fibonacci series up to n terms
    Where 0th term is 0 and 1st term is 1
    """
    # Check if input is valid
    if n < 0:
        print("Please enter a positive integer")
        return
    
    # Initialize first two terms
    a, b = 0, 1
    count = 0
    
    print(f"Fibonacci series up to {n} terms:")
    
    # Print Fibonacci series
    while count < n:
        print(a, end=" ")
        # Update variables for next iteration
        next_term = a + b
        a = b
        b = next_term
        count += 1

text = "Python programming is fun and Python is easy to learn"

# count() method
print(f"Count of 'Python': {text.count('Python')}")  # Output: 2
print(f"Count of 'is': {text.count('is')}")  # Output: 2

# upper() method
print(f"Uppercase: {text.upper()}")  # Output: "PYTHON PROGRAMMING IS FUN AND PYTHON IS EASY TO LEARN"

# replace() method
print(f"Replace 'Python' with 'Java': {text.replace('Python', 'Java')}")
# Output: "Java programming is fun and Java is easy to learn"

# Create a tuple
fruits = ("apple", "banana", "cherry")
print(f"Fruits tuple: {fruits}")

# Access tuple items
print(f"First fruit: {fruits[0]}")  # Output: "apple"
print(f"Last fruit: {fruits[-1]}")  # Output: "cherry"

# Tuple slicing
print(f"First two fruits: {fruits[:2]}")  # Output: ("apple", "banana")

# Tuple concatenation
more_fruits = ("orange", "kiwi")
all_fruits = fruits + more_fruits
print(f"All fruits: {all_fruits}")  # Output: ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "orange", "kiwi")

# Tuple repetition
duplicated = fruits * 2
print(f"Duplicated: {duplicated}")  # Output: ("apple", "banana", "cherry", "apple", "banana", "cherry")

# Tuple functions
print(f"Length: {len(fruits)}")  # Output: 3
print(f"Max: {max(fruits)}")  # Output: "cherry" (alphabetical comparison)
print(f"Min: {min(fruits)}")  # Output: "apple" (alphabetical comparison)

# Program to demonstrate set operations

# Create two sets
set_A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
set_B = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}

print(f"Set A: {set_A}")
print(f"Set B: {set_B}")

# i) Union Operation (A ∪ B)
# Elements present in either A or B or both
union_result = set_A.union(set_B)  # OR set_A | set_B
print(f"\ni) Union of A and B (A ∪ B): {union_result}")

# ii) Intersection Operation (A ∩ B)
# Elements present in both A and B
intersection_result = set_A.intersection(set_B)  # OR set_A & set_B
print(f"ii) Intersection of A and B (A ∩ B): {intersection_result}")

# iii) Difference Operation (A - B)
# Elements present in A but not in B
difference_result = set_A.difference(set_B)  # OR set_A - set_B
print(f"iii) Difference (A - B): {difference_result}")

# Alternative difference (B - A)
difference_alt = set_B.difference(set_A)  # OR set_B - set_A
print(f"    Difference (B - A): {difference_alt}")

# iv) Symmetric Difference (A △ B)
# Elements present in A or B but not in both
symmetric_difference = set_A.symmetric_difference(set_B)  # OR set_A ^ set_B
print(f"iv) Symmetric Difference (A △ B): {symmetric_difference}")

# Create list using literals
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
mixed = [1, "hello", 3.14, True]

# Create using list() constructor
tuple_to_list = list((10, 20, 30))
string_to_list = list("Python")

# Create using list comprehension
squares = [x**2 for x in range(1, 6)]

# Create empty list and add values
empty_list = []
empty_list.append("first")
empty_list.append("second")

print(f"Numbers: {numbers}")
print(f"Mixed: {mixed}")
print(f"From tuple: {tuple_to_list}")
print(f"From string: {string_to_list}")
print(f"Squares: {squares}")
print(f"Built list: {empty_list}")

# Create a dictionary
student = {
    'name': 'John',
    'age': 20,
    'courses': ['Math', 'Science']
}

# Built-in functions
print(f"Length: {len(student)}")  # Output: 3

# Dictionary methods
print(f"Keys: {student.keys()}")
print(f"Values: {student.values()}")
print(f"Items: {student.items()}")

# Get method with default
print(f"Get grade (with default): {student.get('grade', 'N/A')}")

# Update dictionary
student.update({'grade': 'A', 'age': 21})
print(f"After update: {student}")

# Pop method
removed_item = student.pop('age')
print(f"Removed item: {removed_item}")
print(f"After pop: {student}")

# Program to create list of prime and non-prime numbers from 1 to 50

def is_prime(num):
    """
    Check if a number is prime
    Returns True if prime, False otherwise
    """
    # 1 is not a prime number
    if num <= 1:
        return False
    
    # 2 is a prime number
    if num == 2:
        return True
    
    # Even numbers greater than 2 are not prime
    if num % 2 == 0:
        return False
    
    # Check odd divisors up to square root of num
    # (optimization: we only need to check up to sqrt(num))
    for i in range(3, int(num**0.5) + 1, 2):
        if num % i == 0:
            return False
    
    return True

# Initialize empty lists for prime and non-prime numbers
prime_numbers = []
non_prime_numbers = []

# Check each number from 1 to 50
for num in range(1, 51):
    if is_prime(num):
        prime_numbers.append(num)
    else:
        non_prime_numbers.append(num)

# Display results
print(f"Prime numbers from 1 to 50: {prime_numbers}")
print(f"Non-prime numbers from 1 to 50: {non_prime_numbers}")